Diversion By Natalie Digate Muth Ten ways to get kids to eat more healthily "I do not like broccoli. And I haven't liked if since I was a little kid and my mother made me eat it. And I'm President of the United States and I'm not going to eat any more broccoli," the first President Bush infamously stated at a news conference. His public denunciation of broccoli set off a firestorm and outrage among parents across the US who had been diligently trying to shovel the vegetable into their children's mouths. It's hard to know if his disdain for broccoli would have been so profound had his mother never made him eat it, but certainly she had no idea that her desire for her son to eat his vegetables would lead to such a public lashing. Her well-meaning demands to "Eat your vegetables!" back-fired. Parents around the world have tried the same tactic with little lasting success. Research suggests that if we want our kids to eat healthfully, we have to rethink our strategies. Here are ten tips based on the latest research and expert opinion that will help even the pickiest of eaters to eat more healthily. 1. Model healthy eating One of the most important actions adults can take to help children eat more healthily is to eat more healthily themselves. In one study, parental modelling was associated with increased milk, fruit juice and vegetable intake (Young et al, 2004). Another study found that children's intake of a novel food increased at meals during which they witnessed a teacher enthusiastically eat the food (Hendy and Raudenbush, 2000). 2. Eat together In an era of single parenting and two-parent working families, multiple extracurricular activities to coordinate, and overall hectic lifestyles, family meals are on the decline. Not only are family meals generally more nutritious for children (Gillman et al, 2000), eating together also offers an opportunity to socialise about food and eating, and model healthy behaviours. Even if it is only twice per week, planning family meals into a weekly routine goes a long way toward helping children to develop healthier eating habits. 3. Increase exposure to healthy foods As stated by Cook in a 2007 review article advocating that children be repeatedly exposed to a variety of healthy foods, "Children like what they know and they eat what they like." One of the best ways that parents can help their children develop healthy eating habits is to repeatedly expose them to a wide variety of foods. While children may not accept the novel food on the first try, with repeated attempts and familiarity with the food, they will become more likely to develop a preference for it. In one study, children exposed to a sweet, salty or plain version of a new food showed increasing preference for the food that became most familiar to them (even the plain version). They showed decreasing preference for the other versions even though children have an innate preference for sweet tastes (Sullivan and Birch, 1990). Just because a child shuns a food once, do not label it "rejected". Instead, continue to reintroduce it and expect that it may take up to 15 times before the child will accept it. 4. Let them choose portion size Adults can empower children to let their internal cues of hunger and fullness guide how much they eat by allowing children to choose their own portion sizes. Adults are notoriously bad at guessing how much food a child should eat. They typically offer too-big portion sizes and then require kids to "clean their plates". This scenario sets the stage for overeating. In one study, researchers offered preschool-aged children two plates of food: one with an age-appropriate portion and another with double the amount of food. The children ate about two-thirds of the food from the age-appropriate portion size. They ate 25-29% more food when offered the larger portion size. Notably, they did not even notice the increases in the portion size when given the larger serving (Oriet Fisher et al, 2003). Thus, similar to adults, kids will eat more food when portion sizes are big. And when adults force them to finish these oversized portions, children learn to override their internal hunger cues and develop a tendency for overeating. On the other hand, several studies have shown that when kids are allowed to choose their own portions, they tend to choose appropriate portion sizes and they eat less versus when adults decide how much they should get (Oriet Fisher et al, 2003). 5. Share the control Several studies have shown that when a child is allowed to self-regulate food intake, free of any adult pressure or influence, total caloric intake and nutritional value differ only minimally from day to day (discussed in Birch and Dietz, 2008). On the other hand, encouraging children to eat by focusing on the amount of food left on the plate promotes more food intake and makes children less able to self-regulate caloric intake (Birch et al, 1987). Furthermore, several studies have confirmed that requiring a child to consume a particular food to receive a 'reward' such as a dessert, led to increased dislike of the food the child was required to eat and increased liking of the typically unhealthy 'reward' food. Higher levels of parental control and pressure to eat are associated with lower fruit and vegetable intake and higher intake of dietary fat (discussed in Birch and Dietz, 2008). 6. Refuse to be 'short order' cook Picky eaters can wreak havoc on an enjoyable family meal, compelling some parents to make special accommodations for each child just so everyone will have something that they will eat. Parents can promote healthier eating by refusing to accommodate special requests, while at the same time making sure to serve at least one healthy food that the child likes at each mealtime. Birch and Dietz (2008) promote a "division of responsibility" in which parents are responsible for the types of food that are offered and children are responsible for deciding whether or not to consume those foods and how much to eat. If the children refuse what is offered, it is not up to the parents to offer them something else. Rather, the children can have ready access to the meal later should they become hungry. This may seem like tough love, and many parents may express concern that the child will go hungry, but by consistently following this rule, parents will go a long way toward helping their child to develop a taste for previously rejected foods. 7. Limit television time While television viewing has been associated with a variety of negative behaviours including poor school performance and childhood obesity, it is also linked to overall worse nutrition. This may largely be due to the enormous amount of advertising for unhealthy foods such as sugary breakfast cereals, soft drinks, candy, salty snack products, and highly processed and fast foods. Research has shown that exposure to advertisements for food products increases children's choice of, and preference for, these advertised foods (reviewed in Birch and Dietz, 2008). 8. Exploit similarities Susan Roberts and Melvin Heyman, authors of Feeding Your Child for Lifelong Health (1999), suggest that parents exploit similarities to develop a taste preference for new foods. Once a food is accepted, find similarly coloured or flavoured 'food bridges' to expand the variety of foods a child will eat. For example, if a child likes pumpkin pie, try mashed sweet potatoes, and then mashed carrots. 9. Make eating fun Despite its accompanying demands, stresses, mistakes and disappointments, parenting is supposed to be fun. Adults can make learning about healthy nutrition and physical activity fun and educational. For example, what better way to teach a child about plants and the importance of eating them than having his or her own small garden? Families can grow the plants and then show the child how to use the produce in delicious recipes. Or, parents can take their children to a farmer's market and let them pick out a new vegetable or fruit to try at home. Whatever it is, parents should try to take a break from the mealtime battles, and take advantage of a child's wonderment about the world to teach a lesson about health and fitness. 10. Skip the food fights A survey published by the American Dietetic Association revealed that the number one eating concerns of mothers are that their children do not eat enough fruits and vegetables (ADA, 2006). Recognising the powerful health-promoting benefits of these nutrient powerhouses, parents insist that their children eat their vegetables. The alternative, they fear, is that their children will be unhealthy and malnourished. The truth is that the more parents pressure their children to eat certain foods, the less likely they will be to develop a taste for them and continue to eat them often as an adult. In fact, several research studies have shown that encouraging children to consume a particular food increases their dislike for that food (reviewed in Birch and Dietz, 2008). Kids instinctively resist persuasion. If parents want to get their kids to eat vegetables and other healthy foods because the kids like them, then parents will have to employ different strategies - increasing accessibility and exposure, minimising the competition, modelling, vowing to not say anything when a child refuses a food, and helping make food taste good, for starters. In short, the most successful parents of healthy eaters opt to skip the food fights. About the author: Natalie Digate Muth is a pediatrics resident at the UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital in the US. This article was published in ACE FitnessMatters, January/February 2010. Reprinted with permission.

Repeated exposure to a wide variety of foods will help children develop healthy eating habits

Law & Contracts By Ricky K W Cheng Construction contractual disputes - preventive measures Introduction Contractual and quantum meruit disputes are common in the construction industry, between employer and contractor or contractor and sub-contractor. It is so common that people forget how to prevent them but instead look for alternative methods of dispute resolution (ADR) or arbitration to resolve the disputes. Sub-contractors are commercially in a weaker position and often suffer financial loss unexpectedly arising from contractual or quantum meruit disputes. However, contractual and quantum meruit disputes can be prevented if both parties to the contract are willing to discuss and agree the principles and methods on how to calculate the costs before the additional works (not necessarily "variation") are performed. Both contracting parties should recognise that their effort to settle a prior agreement for costing additional works is important to prevent disputes, which may be very expensive if settled after the works are already implemented. This paper is intended to encourage sub-contractors, like contractors, to start negotiations with employers before spending money on additional works since negotiations are more effective before rather than after the money is spent. It is better to get together and discuss any potential issues in good faith so as to eliminate surprises to either party. It should not be perceived as an opportunity for any party to make more profit or shift the loss. Avoidance of disputes Some management is over-rigid on contractual principles such as burden of proof; and misuse them to reject additional payment for additional works without carefully considering the actual circumstances. An example of a successful quantum meruit claim that supports the above statement is the case of British Steel Corporation vs Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Co Ltd [1984], where the contractor was held to be entitled to payment for the work done despite the fact that there was no contract existing between the parties. Let us say Contractor A issued an instruction to Sub-contractor B requesting acceleration of Event Y in order to advance the commencement of subsequent Event Z due to a delay on completion of preceding Event X by Contractor A himself. Subsequently, additional labour resources provided by Sub-contractor B were added to the existing workforce in response to the instruction (acceleration). There was difficulty in quantifying additional material wastage and plant utilised, and no records were kept by Sub-contractor B. Contractor A realised that there were indeed additional material wastage and plant consumed, but because there was no approved documentary evidence to support the additional payment request, Sub-contractor B was denied this part of the additional payment. Why did Sub-contractor B suffer the loss? Sub-contractor B could have agreed this part of the cost or, at least, a method of calculation with Contractor A before commencement of the remedial or additional works. Once a quantification problem is foreseen, they should have bargained and negotiated an agreement in advance so that there is no misunderstanding or surprise afterwards. Generally, can Sub-contractor B refuse to add more manpower to rectify the delay caused by others? Under common law and where there is no breach of contract, a contracting party has no contractual obligation to spend resources and money to overcome delays caused by others, and therefore, can refuse to add more manpower resources on "special request". Sub-contractor B could refuse to increase manpower when the "loss" anticipated is significant or if the additional manpower required is beyond their capability - again, provided that the problem has not been caused by them, of course. Can Contractor A threaten damages for non-completion if he executes the instruction himself, or deploy his own workforce resources and then deduct the corresponding expenses from payment due to Sub-contractor B? He can, but will put himself in deep trouble under the law of tort. Advantages of provisional agreement When the methods of calculating the costs of additional works are agreed in advance, the party executing the works can then focus on the construction without worrying about a potential cashflow problem or whether he will get payment at all for his additional contribution. No party should have to go through the agony of defect and the time spent on preparing the arbitration or court documents if any foreseeable additional costs or methods of calculating the costs can be agreed provisionally. The idea of getting an agreement on costs before any expenditure is incurred on "special measures" has been well recommended by many authors. After an instruction to execute the additional work, an experienced quantity surveyor (QS) or cost engineers (CE) should confirm the budget with the party undertaking the work, so that the estimate is clear and accurate and subsequent activities can be monitored and controlled effectively. When assessing claims without prior agreement, an inexperienced QS may overlook the principles that are applied or may be too inflexible, thus resulting in improper assessment of the quantum of claims or wrongly refusing a rightful entitlement to reimbursement of expenses. An experienced and professional QS will assess claims within the spirit of the contract and partnership, take into account actual circumstances, and assess the work done in a spirit of good faith and on a "fair & reasonable" basis, on the balance of probability and not strictly based on contractual rules. The more a QS is forced into digging into the terms of contract, the more easily disputes will arise. An experienced and professional QS will not create disputes unnecessarily and will not use the advantage of their commercial position to pressure their peers. They should never threaten damages for non-completion as this could quickly escalate into dispute, which will require additional money to resolve. Substantiation is required to support contractual and quantum meruit claims. However, lack of substantiation may not be fatal and will not necessarily deprive a party of the right to reimbursement of expenses as illustrated in Chaplin vs Hicks [1911]. It may be necessary for an estimate to be made for a claim for additional works, which may not have substantiation but is, indeed, justified for payment. However, in practice, the sub-contractor is still likely to receive less than what is asked for without substantiation. Elements for discussion Delay in the construction process sometimes happens regardless of the size of the projects. Engineers usually remedy the delay either by granting an extension of time or by initiating a special measure; for example, acceleration. However, both remedial actions imply costs, though the latter is cheaper compared to the former. In order to avoid disputes over reimbursement of expenditures, there are provisional elements, for example in acceleration as shown; that should be discussed and agreed before extra money is spent. It is recommended that a method for calculating each element of the costs be agreed where appropriate, either in the form of a formula or on a percentage basis or, at the worst, a fixed lump sum; or a combination of these approaches. Provisional elements to be discussed before extra work is carried out: 1. Time for compression of a contract period 2. Additional labour costs 3. Incentive and productivity factors 4. Additional plant and materials 5. Additional facilities & utilities 6. Additional temporary works 7. Additional wastage 8. Overhead and profit 9. Finance charge 10. Revision of payment schedule 11. Schedule of rate 12. Records required 13. Any knock-on effect (Ellis-Don vs The Parking Authority of Toronto [1978]) Conclusion Contractual or quantum meruit disputes can be prevented if both parties to the dispute focus and agree the method of calculation of costs in advance before significant expenditures are incurred. Sub-contractors are well-advised to get some kind of costing agreement before execution of additional works (that is, excluding the case of variation orders, which are normally always subject to analysis and approval before implementation). Contracting parties would be well-advised of what kind of information and records are required in substantiating their direct loss and/or expenses. In this way, effort wasted on keeping irrelevant records and worry over reimbursement on expenses can be eliminated. Cashflow is the lifeblood of sub-contractors. With this preventive approach, undisputed payment can be anticipated and the construction process will consequently flow more smoothly. To achieve an agreement on additional costs and therefore payment, both contracting parties should bear in mind the goals of the discussion - be flexible, cooperative, realistic, fair, and reasonable. Justification and substantiation are still required to support a claim, but not to an extent that they will be used as a tool to reject an assessment of a valid claim. About the author: Ricky Kam Wah Cheng is an independent consultant specialising in E&M quantity surveying, cost engineering and contractual claims. The author would like to thank C R A Reid and M S Yeung for their general overview and contribution to the legal aspect of this paper respectively.

Building Services Blog Climate Change Corner Electrical Blog Safety Corner

Voluntary water efficiency labelling scheme - showers By Ir Victor W K Lam Introduction The HKSAR Government is implementing the Total Water Management strategy in order to better use and manage our precious water resources. This strategy aims to proactively manage demand and supply in an integrated, multi-sectoral and sustainable manner. It places emphasis on containing the growth of water demand through conservation while strengthening water supply management. One of the key initiatives of demand management under the strategy is to promote water-saving devices. With this in mind, a voluntary water efficiency labelling scheme (WELS) has been developed. WELS aims to inform consumers of the water consumption and efficiency of water fixtures and appliances so that consumers can make informed choices. Products that qualify for registration under WELS will be affixed with a water efficiency label that reveals the water consumption and water efficiency grading. WELS is being implemented in phases for different water fixtures and appliances, starting with shower fixtures. Development of water efficiency labelling for shower fixtures began in September 2008 and the scheme began accepting applications for registration on 10 September 2009. This article outlines the development process from inception to launch. First product for implementation Water saving devices use less water than conventional devices. They include low-flow showers, water-efficient washing machines, low-flow taps with sensors or self-closing features etc. When prioritising for the WELS implementation phases, higher priority is given to those products that represent significant shares of household water consumption and thus offer potential for substantial water savings. The estimated distribution of household water consumption in Australia indicates that showering accounts for the largest share of household water consumption, at 29%, followed by laundering and flushing (about 26% each). Taps (free flow and volumetric) and dishwashers account for about 19% and 1% of total consumption respectively. Since showering accounts for the largest portion of household water consumption, showers are selected as the first product for the implementation of WELS. Unlike other water fixtures and appliances where efficiency can be measured by a single parameter such as flow rate or volume, showers have other parameters covering degree of comfort such as spray pattern and temperature drop, which must be taken into account. Additional performance-related criteria are needed to ensure that a shower with improved water efficiency is also capable of meeting a defined level of customer satisfaction. After detailed comparison and analysis of various overseas testing standards for showers, it was proposed that the testing would be based on the Australian/New Zealand Standard 3662:2005 - Performance of Showers for Bathing with Amendment No 1 (the AS/NZS)2 for the following parameters: i) Mean spray spread angle (a measure of the spray pattern when the shower is tested using a purpose-made annular gauge); ii) Temperature drop; iii) Flow controller endurance; and iv) Nominal flow rate. The tests are to be carried out either by independent testing laboratories or participants themselves at their own testing facilities, which must meet the requirements stipulated in the scheme. Efficiency labelling Showers to be registered under the scheme need to meet the following performance requirements as given in the table below. In addition, the showers should be designed and manufactured under a design and production system operated according to an internationally recognised quality system such as ISO 9001. Given compliance with the performance and quality requirements, the water efficiency of the shower is rated by the Water Supplies Department (WSD) to a water efficiency grade based on its nominal flow rate (the mean of the average flow rates at the different testing pressures) as determined in accordance with the scheme. There are two versions of the water efficiency label: full and simplified versions. The full version label has three main features : i) different colours used to present four different grades of water efficiency with Grade 1 being the most water-efficient; ii) more water-efficient showers with fewer number of droplets shown on the label; and iii) a water consumption figure that provides an estimate of the water consumption of the shower based on the relevant sample testing carried out by a recognised laboratory. The full version should be affixed to the registered shower or its packaging. The affixation of the simplified version label to the registered shower is optional. Compliance monitoring To uphold credibility and maintain consumers' confidence in the scheme, a monitoring and inspection programme will be implemented to check compliance of the registered showers with the requirements of the scheme. The programme also includes checking and inspection of unregistered showers to prevent unauthorised use of the labels. In addition, registered showers will be randomly selected for testing by a recognised laboratory engaged by WSD to ensure that the performance and technical data submitted by the participants tally with the relevant test results. In case non-compliance is found, participants will be requested to take immediate remedial action and report progress of the action taken to WSD. If non-compliance is confirmed and no remedial action has been taken, WSD may order the shower to be de-registered from the scheme. Stakeholder consultation is an essential step in the development of the scheme. Stakeholders include trade members, learned societies, relevant government departments and quasi-government organisations. To foster consensus on the key issues and promote ownership of the outcome, the stakeholders, in particular trade members involved in the shower business, were consulted throughout the entire scheme development process. The consultation commenced during the mapping out of the scheme's draft framework, following which a draft scheme document setting out the details of the scheme was prepared taking account of stakeholders' views and comments. For the sake of widening the consultation to cover all other interested parties that are not known to WSD, the draft framework of the scheme and scheme document were uploaded to the business consultation e-platform operated by the Economic Analysis & Business Facilitation Unit of the Financial Secretary's Office under the GovHK website, which is accessible to the public. The scheme falls under the scope of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) and should be able to meet the agreement's relevant provisions, which concern preparation, adoption and application of standards as well as conformity assessment procedures. In view of this requirement, the scheme document was submitted to the WTO TBT Committee in June 2009 for clearance to ensure it would not result in technical barriers to trade. A comprehensive publicity plan to raise public awareness of the benefits of using water-efficient showers is critical to the success of the scheme. A message to "take shorter showers" will also be part of the publicity drive, which includes various television and radio announcements, leaflets and posters. A series of publicity activities will be conducted before and after the launch of the scheme. Future development Application for registration of showers under the scheme commenced on 10 September 2009 and the registration will expire at the end of 2011, when re-registration will be required. With the commencement of registration, labelled showers will be gradually available in the market for selection by consumers. A review exercise will be carried out in early 2011 in order to consider whether revision of the scheme is required. This review exercise will provide WSD with an opportunity to review shower market development, technology advancement, market response, testing standards, etc. Subject to the review result, the details of revision will be announced before the end of 2011. Washing machines and taps are proposed to be included in the second phase of WELS, tentatively scheduled to be implemented in 2010. Although flushing also accounts for a major portion of household water consumption, the inclusion of water-efficient toilets in WELS is of lower priority for the time being because it will not contribute to significant savings in fresh water resources in Hong Kong due to the extensive use of seawater for flushing. Nevertheless, their inclusion in the WELS will be considered in future because reduction in seawater consumption will contribute to savings in energy, which is also beneficial to the environment. References 1. Final Report, "A Mandatory Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme for Australia", GWA for Environment Australia, June 2003. 2. Australian/New Zealand Standard 3662:2005 - "Performance of Showers for Bathing with Amendment No 1". About the author: Ir Victor W K Lam is an engineer of the Water Supplies Department.

Performance requirements for water-efficient shower heads Water efficiency grading. The fewer number of droplets shown on the label, the more water-efficient the shower is. Water efficiency label

Apprentices savour taste of life at the top During Ir Dr Andrew Chan's term as President of HKIE a new initiative, the President's Apprentice Scheme, was introduced to help a select group of young members gain exposure to various engineering and community issues and develop their leadership skills. Six young engineers were selected on the basis of their views on sustainability and joined Ir Dr Chan for a number of activities, including attendance of a Council meeting as observers and a briefing in Ir Dr Chan's office on sustainability issues such as climate change, developing a low-carbon economy and Arup's SlimCity initiative, which was developed in collaboration with the World Economic Forum to capture global best-practice and policy on urban mobility, smart energy and sustainable buildings. Some of the apprentices subsequently attended the Environmental Division's annual seminar with Ir Dr Chan and also observed the recording of a TV interview for the Chinese University of Hong Kong's EMBA programme. They were also present during an hour-long meeting between the President and the Secretary for Development Carrier Lam, and will finish their involvement in the scheme with an event scheduled for June, which will explore ways to develop a low-carbon Hong Kong. "It has been my great pleasure to come to know the six brilliant and enthusiastic young engineers. I have enjoyed every moment we spent together and I hope they get as much out of the experience as I have," said Ir Dr Chan. "I would love to have spent more time with them and some of the joint ambitions we developed together have yet to be fulfilled due to time constraints, but I am sure the relationship we have built will outlast my presidency. "In these six young people I see quality and leadership potential and they should go far in their careers. There are many more like them in our profession: enthusiastic and ready to contribute to a sustainable Hong Kong. The Institution is committed to doing more for them." Below are the apprentices' thoughts of the time spent with the President of HKIE. Regis L G Chee, civil engineer, Atkins China Ltd "Given the chance to learn from one of the most prominent engineers in the industry, every second in shadowing our President Ir Dr Andrew Chan is invaluable. From the friendly chit-chats to the various opportunities that Ir Dr Chan has specially arranged for us to see the big picture in the engineering industry, we were granted a glimpse of Ir Dr Chan's golden experiences within a single year. This is what makes the President's Apprentice Scheme so successful, and this is what makes me so proud of being one of the first six President's Apprentices in the history of HKIE." Cherry S Y Chan, structural engineer, Ove Arup & Partners HK Ltd "I am still overwhelmed by being one of the apprentices. It is my pleasure to be named alongside five other intelligent and outstanding young engineers. Through shadowing the President in multiple HKIE events, I now know more about the operation of HKIE as well as the hard work done by the Council and Division committee members." "One thing I learnt from this scheme is the engineers' social responsibility. Engineers are not about keeping their heads down working hard on calculations. We are here to provide professional knowledge to the general public on social issues like the Express Rail Link. It is the obligation of engineers to explain these matters without bias and regardless of political standpoint. Our professionalism also requires us to advise the government on developing a sustainable future for Hong Kong." "Ir Dr Chan's sincerity in nurturing the younger generation truly moves me. He shows some of the obstacles ahead of us in order to make us better engineers-to-be. His kind guidance definitely is one of the most important experiences in my life." Yeung Yiksing, electrical engineer, CLP Power "My experience from the apprenticeship scheme has been nothing short of fascinating. The President's sharing and discussions about his past experiences and thoughts on engineer's contribution towards sustainability have been both fruitful and inspiring for young engineers such as myself. The opportunities to meet with professionals from different engineering backgrounds have also been eye-widening experiences." "I am glad that I had the opportunity to take part in this and to have learnt so much from the apprenticeship scheme. It has been a lot of fun along the way and I really enjoyed it with the President and my fellow apprentices." Joey M W Lau, industrial engineer, Hong Kong & China Gas Co Ltd "It's definitely a brilliant idea to have the President's Apprentice Scheme. The word 'majestic' may be the only word I could associate with HKIE Presidents previously, given the eye-catching golden chain on their necks. The scheme gave me precious chances to understand the HKIE President in other ways. I will always remember the interactive moments chatting with Ir Dr Chan and my fellow apprentices on boundless topics; Ir Dr Chan's views on the development of the HKIE and the engineering field inspires me as to the future role of engineers as well. The scheme is definitely a good platform of exchange for the President and young engineers." Michael H S Cheung, civil engineer, Dragages Hong Kong Ltd "At the beginning of PAS, I thought I would only have a few chances to shadow the President, but the result was way out of my expectation and it has become one of the unforgettable experiences of my engineering career." "Besides a better understanding of the operation of HKIE management, I was able to meet engineers from different fields and broaden my views through various activities. Thank you Ir Dr Chan. I wish I could extend my PAS by one more year!" Clare P K Luk, mechanical engineer, Electrical & Mechanical Services Department "Being part of the apprenticeship scheme marks another milestone in my life. It provided me with opportunities to meet top people in the local engineering sector and broadened my horizons on the latest and future development of engineering. Through experience sharing, casual chatting and other social activities, I learnt more about the theme of Ir Dr Andrew Chan's presidency - sustainability." "Ir Dr Chan not only extends his vision and passion for sustainability in terms of the environment, but also the profession and the nurturing of young engineers into the leaders of tomorrow. My sincere thanks to Ir Dr Chan, who not only shared with us his road to success but also enlightened me as to my career path towards being a professional engineer. I would definitely recommend this scheme to young members who wish to devote themselves to the engineering profession."

The apprentices with Secretary for Development Mrs Carrie Lam Golden-chained President Ir Dr Andrew Chan with the apprentices

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